【摘要】環(huán)境監(jiān)測在環(huán)境損害賠償糾紛處理中具有重要意義。現(xiàn)行立法基于受害人在舉證能力上的不足等原因，規(guī)定了監(jiān)測機(jī)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)制監(jiān)測義務(wù)。但是，立法存在明顯缺陷，包括：義務(wù)主體不恰當(dāng)，忽視了監(jiān)測機(jī)構(gòu)類型多元的現(xiàn)實(shí)；義務(wù)內(nèi)容不完整，法律后果缺失，監(jiān)測機(jī)構(gòu)缺乏責(zé)任機(jī)制的約束；權(quán)利主體偏寬泛，背離了強(qiáng)化受害人舉證能力的價(jià)值取向；司法效應(yīng)不積極，淡化了法院調(diào)查收集證據(jù)的職責(zé)，等。彌補(bǔ)上述缺陷，首先需要改革環(huán)境監(jiān)測體制，區(qū)分行政性監(jiān)測和服務(wù)性監(jiān)測；其次是完善強(qiáng)制監(jiān)測義務(wù)條款，縮小權(quán)利主體，明確義務(wù)主體，擴(kuò)大義務(wù)內(nèi)容，增加法律責(zé)任；再次，合理分配監(jiān)測費(fèi)用，充實(shí)支持起訴和法律援助制度的內(nèi)容；此外，通過環(huán)境信息公開制度和強(qiáng)化法院在環(huán)境訴訟中調(diào)查收集證據(jù)的職責(zé)，也有助于拓寬監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)獲取渠道，彌補(bǔ)受害人因舉證能力不足而產(chǎn)生的維權(quán)困境。【英文摘要】EnvironmentalMonitoringisofgreatimportanceinsettlementofdisputesofenvironmentaldamages.Thecurrentlegislationhasstipulatedthemandatorymonitoryobligationsforthemonitoringunitsconsideringofthepoorproofcapabilityofvictim.However,theobviousdefectsexistinthelaw.Thatistheobligationsubjectsarenotsuitable,neglectingthefactsthatthetypesofmonitoringunitsarevarious;thecontentsofobligationsnotcomplete;legalresultsnotdefinite,lackingcheckofresponsibilityonthemonitoringunits;therightsubjectstoobroad,divergingfromthevalueofstrengtheningtheproofcapabilityofvictims;judicialeffectnotpositive,weakeningthedutiesofthecourtstodiscoverproofandmaintainthepublicinterests.etc.Inordertomakeupfortheabove-mentioneddefects,firstlytheenvironmentalmonitoringsystemshouldberenewed,differentiatingtheadministrativemonitoringandservice-orientedmonitoring;secondly,themandatorymonitoringobligationstipulationsbeperfected,narrowingtherightsubjectscategory,definingtheobligationsubjects,broadeningobligationsandaddinglegalresponsibility;thirdly,themonitoringcostbeproperlyallocated,makingforsupportingcommencinglawsuitandlegalaid,inaddition,environmentalinformationpublicityandreinforcementofdutiesofcourttodiscoverproofsintheenvironmentalactionsmaybehelpfultomoreaccessestomonitoringdataandgetridofthedifficultiessomewhatforthevictimtobuildupproofcapability.【關(guān)鍵詞】環(huán)境損害賠償；強(qiáng)制監(jiān)測；舉證能力；監(jiān)測體制；司法能動(dòng)【英文關(guān)鍵詞】Environmentaldamages;Mandatorymonitoring;Proofcapability;Monitoringsystem;Judicialactivism.【寫作年份】2009年【正文】在我國，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)不斷發(fā)展，各種環(huán)境問題日益涌現(xiàn)，相應(yīng)的環(huán)境損害賠償糾紛大量發(fā)生。如何收集證據(jù)，成為處理環(huán)境糾紛尤其是通過訴訟程序處理糾紛的關(guān)鍵問題之一。而環(huán)境問題的最大特色在于其涉及高度的科技背景，[1]因環(huán)境問題而產(chǎn)生的損害賠償糾紛也相應(yīng)地具有復(fù)雜的科技特征，一般當(dāng)事人很難通過自身力量收集到這樣的科學(xué)證據(jù)，往往需要借助于專業(yè)的監(jiān)測（鑒定）機(jī)構(gòu)加以完成。如何從專業(yè)監(jiān)測機(jī)構(gòu)及時(shí)得到真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)以支持其主張，成為環(huán)境損害賠償糾紛處理中對當(dāng)事人具有勝負(fù)決定意義的問題。在此背景下，環(huán)境監(jiān)測機(jī)構(gòu)強(qiáng)制監(jiān)測義務(wù)的立法規(guī)定得以產(chǎn)生。